Let us understand the defined terminology in terms of the diagram above. This is how the game tree looks like for the game tic-tac-toe. Step 1: First, generate the entire game tree starting with the current position of the game all the way upto the terminal states. The general process of the Minimax algorithm is as follows: The player MAX tries to get the highest possible score and MIN tries to get the lowest possible score, i.e., MIN and MAX try to act opposite of each other. There are two players involved in a game, called MIN and MAX. A utility function can also be called a payoff function. There are games that have a much larger range of possible outcomes for instance, the utilities in backgammon varies from +192 to -192. For instance, in chess or tic-tac-toe, the outcome is either a win, a loss, or a draw, and these can be represented by the values +1, -1, or 0, respectively. Utility function: It is a function which assigns a numeric value for the outcome of a game.Terminal state: It is the position of the board when the game gets over.Successor function: It defines what the legal moves a player can make are.Initial state: It comprises the position of the board and showing whose move it is.Game Tree: It is a structure in the form of a tree consisting of all the possible moves which allow you to move from a state of the game to the next state.ДЄ game can be defined as a search problem with the following components:.Minimax is called so because it helps in minimizing the loss when the other player chooses the strategy having theВ maximum loss. It is similar to how we think when we play a game: вЂњif I make this move, then my opponent can only make only these moves,вЂќ and so on. There can be two-player games which are not of perfect information such as Scrabble because the opponentвЂ™s move cannot be predicted. Such games are called games of perfect information because it is possible to see all the possible moves of a particular game. It is used in games such as tic-tac-toe, go, chess, Isola, checkers, and many other two-player games. Minimax is a recursive algorithm which is used to choose an optimal move for a player assuming that the other player is also playing optimally.

We will also take a look at the optimization of the minimax algorithm, alpha-beta pruning. In this article, we will go through the basics of the Minimax algorithm along with the functioning of the algorithm. It is this abstraction which makes game playing an attractive area for AI research. Games such as chess, tic-tac-toe, and Go are interesting because they offer a pure abstraction of the competition between the two armies. The first chess programs were written by Claude Shannon and by Alan Turing in 1950, almost as soon as the computers became programmable. Ever since the advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI), game playing has been one of the most interesting applications of AI.

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